CBIES UMUGAMBI W'Ikoreshwa n'Ubwoko Kw'Igikoresho c'Uburyo 5M1E
Nk’uko tubizi, hariho ibintu vyinshi bigira ico bikoze ku buryo bw’ibintu ku kibanza c’uguhingura. Kugira ngo umuntu amenye ivyo akeneye mu gusesangura uburyo, abantu baravuze mu ncamake ibintu bitandatu bihambaye cane bigira ico bikoze ku buryo bw’igicuruzwa, ni 5M1E: umuntu, imashini, uburyo, ibidukikije, ibidukikije n’ingero . Dusangire porogarama n’ukwaguka kw’ivyiyumviro 5M1E muri iri tegeko:
A. A 5M1E ni iki?
B.5 Gukoresha M 1 E mu gusesangura uburyo;
C.Ikoreshwa Gukuraho ugukoresha 5M1E Yiyumvirwa mu ngorane zo mu mirima.{3}}
Ubwa mbere, reka dushireho ivyo ari 5M1E. Ni ibirimwo inyigisho y’uburongozi bw’uburyo, irimwo ibintu bitandatu nyamukuru bigira ico bikoze ku buryo,
a) Umuntu (Umwana): ugutahura kw’umukoresha ku bijanye n’uburyo, ubuhinga bw’ubuhinga, uko umubiri umeze, n’ibindi.;
b) Imashini (Machine): ukuntu imashini n’ibikoresho vyo gusanasana n’ivyo kwitaho n’ibikoresho vyo gupima;
c) Ibikoresho (Ibikoresho): ivy’umubiri, imiterere y’umubiri, n’imiterere y’imiti y’ibintu;
Uburyo d) (Uburyo): harimwo uburyo bwo gukora, guhitamwo ibikoresho, uburyo bwo gukora, n'ibindi.;
e) Gupima (Inzira): ahanini yerekeza ku kuba uburyo bwafashwe mu gupima ari busanzwe kandi bubereye;
f) Ibidukikije (Ivyiyumviro): ubushuhe, ubukonje, umuco, n’imibereho y’ugusukura aho umuntu akora;
Ivyo bivugwa haruguru ni incamake itunganijwe y'ibintu bitandatu vy'ingaruka.
Rero, ingene twogenzura ivyo bintu bitandatu bitera ingaruka, tuzovuga ku bijanye n’ibintu bimwe bimwe vyihariye n’ingero z’ubugenzuzi z’ibintu bitandatu:
Ikintu ca mbere: ni ikintu c'umukoresha (umuntu)
isesengura ry'abantu:
Ubuhanga? Mbega ni ikibazo co guhitamwo abashaka gutora? Mbega ni amahugurwa adahagije? Hari umuntu afise inshingano? None abantu boba bamenyereye ibidukikije? Abantu boba batahura inzira? Abantu boba bazi ivyo bintu?
Ingingo nyamukuru zo kugenzura:
(a) Abakozi b'uguhingura bahuye n'ibisabwa inyuma y'uburyo no gutanga amahugurwa n'isuzuma ry'ivyo'.
(b) Ku bijanye n’uburyo budasanzwe, ubumenyi bw’umwuga n’ubuhinga bwo gukora bw’urugendo rudasanzwe be n’abakozi bagenzura bazosobanurwa neza, kandi abaca mu kigeragezo bazokorana n’ivyemezo.
(c) Uwukoresha ashobora kwubahiriza cane ubuhinga bwa sosiyete kandi akurikiza neza inyandiko z’ingene akora, kandi ikaba ifise uruhara runini ku gikorwa n’uburyo.
(d) Abakozi bagenzura barashobora gukora neza igenzura hakurikijwe uburyo bwo gukora be n’amabwirizwa y’igenzura, bagakora amakuru y’intango y’igenzura, bakayatanga hakurikijwe amabwirizwa.
Ikintu ca kabiri: ni imashini n'ibikoresho (machine)
Isesengura ry’imashini:
Ishingiye ku bikoresho vy'uguhingura nk'ibikoresho n'ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu guhingura . Mu guhingura, gukoresha ibikoresho bisanzwe n'uburyo bw'ibikoresho ni ibindi bintu bigira ico bikoze ku gutera imbere kw'uguhingura n'uburyo bw'ibikoresho.
Mbega ivyo guhitamwo ni ukuri? Ingorane yo kwitaho? Mbega ukuntu bihuye n’iyo mashini?
Ingero nyamukuru zo kugenzura ni:
(a) Hariho ingero zuzuye zo gucunga ibikoresho, harimwo ugugura ibikoresho, ugutembera, ugutunganya, ugutunganya, kugenzura, n’ibindi., bitegekanijwe neza.
(b) Ingingo zose z’ingero zo gucunga ibikoresho zishirwa mu ngiro neza, hakoreshejwe igitabu c’ibikoresho, amadosiye y’ubuhinga bw’ibikoresho, umugambi wo kubungabunga no kugenzura, n’inyandiko zijanye n’ivyo, n’ibirimwo birashitse kandi bibereye .
(c) Ibikoresho vyo guhingura, ibikoresho vyo gusuzuma, ibikoresho vyo gukoresha, ibikoresha ibikoresho vyo mu bidukikije, n’ibindi {{gene}}, vyose bihuye n’ibisabwa n’amategeko y’ibikorwa kandi bishobora gushitsa ibisabwa n’ubushobozi bwo gutunganya . Iyo ibintu vyo gukora bihinduka uko igihe kigenda kirarenga, bishobora guhindurwa ku gihe kandi bikarungikwa kugira ngo hamenyekane ibisabwa vy’uburyo.
(d) Ibikoresho vyo gukora, ibikoresho vyo gusuzuma, ibikoresho vyo gukoresha, bisobanura ibikoresho vyo ibidukikije, n’ibindi biri mu mimerere myiza kandi bigenzurwa.
Ikintu ca gatatu: ni ikintu c'umubiri (ibintu)
Isesengura ry’ibikoresho:
Mbega ni ukuri? Mbega akarorero ni ukuri? Woba winjiye mw’ihinguriro kugira ngo usuzumwe? Mbega iyo nkoresha yoba ihuye n’ivyo?
Ingero nyamukuru zo kugenzura ni:
(a) Ugire uburyo butomoye kandi bushoboka bwo gucunga amasoko, ububiko, ugutwara, gusuzuma uburyo, n’ibindi, no kubishira mu ngiro mu buryo butomoye .
(b) Gushinga igenzura ry’ibifungurwa, ububiko, ububiko, ukumenya, n’ugukwiragiza, kubishira mu ngiro n’ijwi ryo mu mutima, no kugenzura neza uburyo.
(c) Ibikoresho vya mbere canke ibintu birangiye bishizwe muri iyo nzira bitegerezwa gushitsa ingingo z’inyandiko z’ubuhinga.
(d) Ibintu vyatunganijwe n’ibintu birangiye bizohura n’ibisabwa vyiza kandi bizoshirwako ikimenyetso c’umubare canke inomero y’uruhererekane.
(e) Hariho ingero z’ubugenzuzi z’ibintu bitabereye, bifise inshingano zitomoye, kandi bishobora kwitandukanya neza, kumenya, kwandika, no gukora ibintu bitabereye.
(f) Gucungera amakuru y’ibikoresho vy’uguhingura birakora neza, kandi ingorane z’uburyo zishobora gusubirwamwo.
Ikintu ca kane: ni co kintu c'uburyo bwo gukora (uburyo)
Isesengura ry’uburyo:
Mbega ivyagezwe vyakozwe? Raba ivyo uzi? Woba utahura ivyo wandika? Mbega uburyo burabereye? Hari itegeko? Mbega uburyo buriko burahabwa umuntu ahuye? Mbega uburyo bumanuka muri iki kibanza?
Ingero nyamukuru zo kugenzura ni:
(a) Uburyo bwo gukora ni ubuhinga kandi burabereye kugira ngo uburyo igicuruzwa bube buhuye n’ibisabwa .
(b) Ishobora gutandukanya inzira z’ingenzi, inzira zidasanzwe, n’imigenderanire rusangi, gushinga neza ingingo zo kugenzura uburyo bw’uburyo, kandi ishobora kumenya neza inzira n’ingingo z’ubugenzuzi.
(c) Ugire ingero z'ugucungera ibikorwa, uburyo bwo kugenzura uburyo, n'inyandiko z'ibikorwa.
(d) Uburyo nyamukuru bufise uburyo bwo gukoresha canke amabwirizwa y’ibikorwa, n’inyandiko z’ibikorwa zashizeho ibisabwa vy’ubuhinga vyihariye ku bakozi, ibikoresho, uburyo bwo gukora, ibidukikije vyo gukora, ibipimo vy’ibikorwa, n’ibindi . Uretse gusobanura ibipimo vy’ibikorwa, uburyo budasanzwe bwo gukora bukwiye kandi gutanga ingingo zitomoye ku buryo bwo kugenzura ibipimo vy’ibikorwa, ugutegura ivyerekanwa, uburyo bwo gukora, ibikoresho, n’ibintu vy’ibidukikije.
Igiharuro ca gatanu: ni ikimenyamenya c’ibidukikije (ibidukikije)
Isesengura ry’ibidukikije:
Mbega ibidukikije vyoba vyahindutse mu gihe? Mbega umuco, ubushuhe, ubukonje, uburebure, n’urugero rw’uguhumanya ubuhumane bwihweza? Mbega ibidukikije vyoba vyiza?
Ingero nyamukuru zo kugenzura ni:
(a) Uburyo bwo gucunga ibidukikije ku kibanza c'uguhingura.
(b) Ibintu bijanye n’ibidukikije nk’ubushuhe, ubukonje, n’umuco bizoshika ku bisabwa n’inyandiko z’ubuhinga bwo guhingura .
(c) Hariho ibikoresho n’ingero zijanye n’umutekano n’ibidukikije mu bidukikije vy’uguhingura, n’ubuzima n’umutekano vy’abakozi bihuye n’ibisabwa vy’amategeko n’amabwirizwa.
(d) Gumana ibidukikije vy’umwimbu bisukuye, vyiza, kandi mu buryo bubereye, ata n’imwe y’ivyuma idafitaniye isano n’ivyo gukora . Ibisabwa bijanye n’ivyo 5S bishobora gukoreshwa ku bijanye n’ugushingira intahe.
(e) Ibikoresho, ibintu biheza, ibikoresho, n’ibindi {., bizoshirwa no kubikwa neza.
(f) Ivyandiko vy'ibidukikije bishobora kwuzuzwa neza canke vyaronswe .
Icegeranyo c'ikintu ca gatandatu: igiharuro (igiharuro)
Isesengura ry’ingero:
Mbega inyandiko zo gusuzuma no gutegura zoba ziteguwe? Mbega iyo nzira bisigura ko igikoresho co mu bidukikije gifise ibikoresho vyose? Mbega ivyo bikorwa vyoba bihuye n’ibisabwa? Woba uhora upima? Mbega umugambi wo gusuzuma ni wo wumvikana? Abagenzuzi boba bashoboye neza? Mbega iyo nzira y’igenzura irabereye?
Ingero z'ubugenzuzi nyamukuru zirimwo:
(a) Menya igikorwa co gupima n’ukuri bisabwa, hanyuma uhitemwo ibikoresho vy’igerageza vyakoreshejwe bifise ukuri gukenewe n’ubushobozi bwo gutomoye.
(b) Kwemeza, gupima no guhindura ibikoresho vyose n’ibikoresho vyo gupima ubudasiba.
(c) Gutanga uburyo bwo gupima bikenewe. ibirimwo birimwo ubwoko bw’ibikoresho, inomero y’urutonde, igihe co kugenzura, uburyo bwo kugenzura, uburyo bwo kwemera, urugero rw’ukwemera, n’ingero zo gufatwa mu gihe c’ingorane.
(d) Gumana ivyanditswe vy'ugupima.
(e) Iyo ibikoresho vyo gupima n’ivyo gupima bibonetse ko bidashobora kuba mu gihe co gupima, ukuri kw’ingero n’ibivuye mu bipimo vya kera bizoca bisuzumwa, kandi vyanditswe mu nyandiko zijanye n’ivyo .
Ivyo bivugwa haruguru ni uburyo bwo gukoresha 5M1E mu gucunga neza uburyo, none bwoshobora kwaguka mu burongozi rusangi bw’imirima? Twiyumvira ko inyishu ari ego . Ivyo bintu bitandatu biracariho ku bintu vyinshi biri mu murima{3}}
Reka tubahe akarorero igihe uwuriko arategura atunganya ivyo gutora ibintu, azobaza ibisabwa umushoferi afise . Nitubisenya mu mbonerahamwe ya 6-, rero ibintu bishobora gushikirizwa mu ncamake gutya:
(a)Umushoferi: Uwushoferi afise igerageza ry’aside nucleique mu masaha 48;
(b) Machine: nimba imodoka ihuye n’ibisabwa mu gihugu cose bitandatu;
(c) Ibikoresho: nimba ibintu bipakiwe, nimba ikimenyetso cashizweho, n’uko raporo y’igerageza itangwa;
(d d)Methood: nimba igikorwa co gushiramwo ibintu bisaba ibikoresho bidasanzwe, nimba uburyo bwo gutwara abantu bukeneye gukoresha amazi;
(e-enée 2: nimba hari imvura canke igihu ku musi w’ugutwara;
(f) Igerageza: nimba uruganda rufise ibikoresho vyo gushiramwo umuzigo;
Mu yandi majambo, ihuriro ryose ririmwo uburongozi bw’umurima rishobora gukoreshwa hakoreshejwe 5M1E kugira ngo risenya ibintu bifitaniye isano. Nta co rigarukira ku gusesangura kw’uburyo ariko kandi rikoreshwa n’ibintu vyinshi vy’uburongozi bw’imirima. Si igikoresho c’uburyo nk’uburyo bwo kwiyumvira .
Ukwaguka kwa 5M1E haruguru mu burongozi bw’imirima ni ic’abasomyi . Nizigiye ko iki ciyumviro gishobora kudufasha gushikiriza no gucapura ibintu mu guhingura, kugira ngo tuyobore uburyo bwacu bwo gucunga .
Ushaka kumenya vyinshi ku bijanye n'ibicuruzwa vyacu, imigenderanire yacu, n'amakuru y'inganda, turagusavye ugendere umukuru .urubuga rwa CBIES.CBIES AUTOOTIVE yihariye mu guhingura ivyuma vy’ivyuma kandi ibintu nyamukuru vyayo birimwo imirongo y’imirongo y’umuco, imirongo y’uguhungabana, imirongo y’ugusohoka,ivyuma vy'amazi,intebe n'imirongo y'umusaraba, n'ibindi .
